In the Linux operating system, managing file and directory permissions is a crucial aspect of maintaining security in an organization. One of the most essential tools for controlling access to files and directories is the chmod command. In this blog, we will explore the basics of the chmod command and how to use it effectively in managing file permissions.
The chmod command is used to change the permissions of a file or directory for USER, GROUP, and OTHERS. These permissions determine who can read, write, or execute the file. The chmod command uses a combination of letters and numbers to set permissions. The letters r, w, and x represent read, write, and execute permissions, respectively.
where,
r is represented with 4
w is represented with 2
x is represented with 1
The total sum of these numbers 4, 6, and 7 correspond to read-only, read-write, and full permission.
Example 1: We have a file named devops.txt. Let's set full permission for the user and read-only permission for groups & other users.
chmod 744 devops.txt
Example 2: We have a file named file1.txt. Let's set read-write permission for user & groups and read-only permission for other users.
chmod 664 devops.txt
You can also use the letter notation for chmod. For example,
chmod u+x filename.txt
The above command would add execute permissions for the owner of the file. The "u" stands for the user and the "+x" adds the execution permission.
Note: In order to use the chmod command, you must have the appropriate permissions on the file or directory you are trying to modify. Only the owner of the file or an administrator can change the permissions.
In summary, a chmod command is a powerful tool for controlling access to files and directories in Linux. It allows you to set read, write, and execute permissions for different user groups, and can be used to increase security on your system.
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